No significant increase in tissue histamine was measured within either the pallor or flare response to ET-1, -2 or -3. A heat stimulus causes an increase in blood flow for several centimeters around the site of skin irritation through stimulation of peripheral C-fibre branches in surrounding skin. Together these data confirm that the vasodilator response to endothelin-1 in human skin is neurogenic in origin and that it is in part mediated by the local release of nitric oxide. Neurogenic: Giving rise to or arising from the nerves or the nervous system. They found that the flare was absent in denervated skin. Together these data confirm that the vasodilator response to endothelin‐1 in human skin is neurogenic in origin and that it is in part mediated by the local release of nitric oxide.
First, Jancs6 and co-workers {I37 demonstrated the neurogenic mediation of the flare response. Mechanically induced vasodilatation or flare on the skin, known as dermatographia, is a common clinical observation in fibrositis syndrome and is thought to be a neurogenically mediated axon reflex response. Axon reflex vasodilatation and neurogenic plasma extravasation are characteristic cutaneous vascular responses mediated by neuropeptides released from stimulated capsaicin-sensitive sensory nerve endings. We know that it involves a neuronal component and histamine release.
Helme RD, McKernan S. The flare response to noxious stimulation of the skin is mediated by polymodal nociceptors of C fiber primary afferent nerves.
Therefore alternative models, like the 'cascade hy- pothesis' and the … The neurogenic vasodilator response to endothelin-1: a study in human skin in vivo - Volume 85 Issue 6 - Ruwani Katugampola, Martin K. Church, Geraldine F. Clough. Although the neurogenic character of the flare reaction to histamine is well established, the exact nature of the reaction is still not known. Neurogenic flare responses following topical application of capsaicin in humans. To confirm its neurogenic …
We developed a method to assess this reflex involving skin heating to 44 degrees C to evoke the flare followed by scanning the site using a laser Doppler imager (LDI) to measure the area; we termed this method LDIflare. In this study, the variability of capsaicin-induced flare and pain was assessed in 220 subjects. This activation causes conduction of a signal to … Neurogenic flare responses are heterogeneous in superficial and deep layers of human skin. The classical axon reflex hy- pothesis [5-8] meets the difficulty that the growth of the visible flare seems to be too slow to be explained by a spread via action potentials travelling in axon collaterals [11]. Health Solutions From Our Sponsors. It is possible that chewing may have masked any evidence of neurogenic flare and may explain the similar increase in WDT observed for the placebo, nicotine, menthol, and combination gums. They applied paprika to the forearms of a number of patients with nerve lesions and compared the results with those of normal skin of the same patients and with skin of normal controls. Neurogenic inflammation in the lower urinary tract consists of a series of vascular and non‐vascular inflammatory responses mediated by the activation of primary sensory neurons and the release of proinflammatory neuropeptides. For example, neurogenic pain is pain that originates in the nerves, as opposed to muscle pain, bone pain, etc. Furthermore. Irritants such as capsaicin (used in the past to treat overactive bladder), stimulate sensory neurons.
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Intracutaneous injections of local anaesthetics inhibit the axon-reflex flare elicited by chemical irritants in human skin. Indeed, the gums designed for this study would be noticeably harder than commercially available products; however this limitation was necessary in order to test the compounds of interest (eg, nicotine and menthol), but … The major factors in flare response are body site and age; more severe reactions occur in more proximal sites and in younger subjects. Results of earlier reports on the effects of local anaesthetics on neurogenic …
Thus, the flare, but not the wheal, responses ~0 substance P and histamine are …
Forster C(1), Greiner T, Nischik M, Schmelz M, Handwerker HO. Flare is mediated by a peripheral axon reflex following activation of a subpopulation of C nociceptors by a noxious stimulus.
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