Spengler, Toynbee and Sorokin can be regarded as the Champions of this theory. Their ideas may be briefed here. Another ancient notion of social change found side by side with the afore-mentioned one, is that human society goes through certain Cycles.


Social change, in sociology, the alteration of mechanisms within the social structure, characterized by changes in cultural symbols, rules of behaviour, social organizations, or value systems.. Sorokin (Social and Cultural Dynamics, 1941), which is known as ‘pendular theory of social change’. Social cycle theories are among the earliest social theories in sociology.Unlike the theory of social evolutionism, which views the evolution of society and human history as progressing in some new, unique direction(s), sociological cycle theory argues that events and stages of society and history generally repeat themselves in cycles. Cyclical theory of change or sometimes called ‘rise and fair theory presumes that social phenomena of whatever sort recur again and again, exactly as they were before in a cyclical fashion.
In this theory, the United States's national mood alternates between liberalism and conservatism.Each phase has characteristic features, and each phase is self-limiting, generating the other phase.

Essay on Cyclical Theories of Social Change – “Cyclical theories of social change focus on the rise and fall of civilisations attempting to discover and account for these patterns of growth and decay” – (Ian Robertson). Cyclic Theory of Social Change. Looking to the cyclic changes of days and nights and of climates some of sociologists like Spengler believe that society has a predetermined life cycle and has birth, growth, maturity, and decline. The cyclical theory refers to a model used by historians Arthur M. Schlesinger Sr. and Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr. to explain the fluctuations in politics throughout American history.

A variant of cyclical process is the theory of a well-known American sociologist P.A.

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